Impact of Gestalt and Reality Counseling on Reducing Junior High School Students’ Anger in Social Media
Abstract
Adolescent emotional development can be enhanced by effectively managing conflicts in everyday life, such as those encountered on social media. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Gestalt group counseling with Rehearsal techniques and Reality group counseling with Expressive Writing techniques in mitigating anger emotions in students' social media interactions. Conducted as an experimental research with a pre-test-post-test two-treatment design, the study utilized purposive sampling to select 16 eighth-grade students from State Junior High School 2 Wagir, Malang Regency, Indonesia who demonstrated high levels of anger in social media. The participants were divided into two groups: one receiving Gestalt group counseling with Rehearsal techniques and the other Reality group counseling with Expressive Writing techniques. Data on anger emotions were collected using a specific anger instrument and analyzed with a t-Test. The findings indicate that: (1) Gestalt group counseling with Rehearsal techniques is effective in reducing anger emotions in students on social media; (2) Reality group counseling with Expressive Writing techniques is effective in reducing anger emotions in students on social media; (3) Gestalt group counseling with Rehearsal techniques is more effective than Reality group counseling with Expressive Writing techniques in reducing anger emotions in students on social media. The outcomes of this research may provide school counselors and researchers with additional references for the application of Gestalt group counseling in reducing anger emotions in social media among students.
References
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Lestari, A., & Marjo, H. K. (2021). Efektivitas Teknik Anger Management dalam Mengelola Emosi Marah yang Dilakukan melalui E-counseling di SMPI Jakarta. Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 10(1), 14–23. http://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/insight/article/download/20438/11834
Leung, Y. W., Maslej, M. M., Ho, C., Razavi, S., Uy, P., Hosseini, M. A., ... & Peterkin, A. (2023). Cocreating meaning through expressive writing and reading for cancer caregivers. Journal of Palliative Care, 38(3), 307–315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0825859719871538
Martin, R. & Vieaux, L. (2019). 9. The Digital Rage: How Anger is Expressed Online. In The Psychology of Social Networking Vol.2: Identity and Relationships in Online Communities (pp. 117–127). Warsaw, Poland: De Gruyter Open Poland. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110473858-011
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Mertoglu, M. (2018). Importance of anger management in pre-school childhood. International Journal of Education and Practice, 6(4), 200–205. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.61.2018.64.200.205
Mutari, H., Suranata, K., & Gading, K. (2021). Gestalt counseling application to resolve psychological disorder. COUNS-EDU: The International Journal of Counseling and Education, 6(4), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.23916/0020210638840
Nootash, V. A., Ammari, H., & Banisi, P. (2019). The Effectiveness of Group Reality Therapy on Happiness and Anger Control in Female Head of Tabriz Amdad Committee. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Sciences(JNAES) Original Article Fall-2019, 1(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.22034/NAES.2019.99007
Oberauer, K. (2019). Is Rehearsal an Effective Maintenance Strategy for Working Memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 23(9), 798–809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2019.06.002
Permendikbud. (2014). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 111 Tahun 2014 Tentang Bimbingan Dan Konseling Pada Pendidikan Dasar Dan Pendidikan Menengah. Jakarta: Kemendikbud RI, 1–45.
Pratiwi, K. U. S. (2022). Pengaruh Bimbingan Kelompok Melalui Teknik Expressive Writing Untuk Meningkatkan Empati Pada Siswa Di Kelas X SMK Swasta Satria Dharma Perbaungan Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022. Ability: Journal of Education and Social Analysis, 3(3), 116–131. https://doi.org/10.51178/jesa.v3i3.727
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Setyowati, R. (2020). Improving English Communicative Competence at Tertiary Level of Education in Industrial Revolution 4.0 using Co-Trainers Program. Jurnal Makna, 6(1), 74–89. https://doi.org/10.33558/makna.v6i1.2010
Shepherd, G., & Cant, M. (2020). Difficult to change? The differences between successful and not-so-successful participation in anger management groups. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 20(2), 214–223. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12276
Silvey, B. A. (2014). Strategies for Improving Rehearsal Technique. Update: Applications of Research in Music Education, 32(2), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/8755123313502348
Thontowi, H. B., Wulandari, Rr. C., Hakim, M. A., Moordiningsih, Dr., Yuniarti, K. W., & Kim, U. (2014). Causes of anger among senior high school students in Indonesia: An indigenous psychology approach. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 3(2), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsp.2014.104
Travagin, G., Margola, D., & Revenson, T. A. (2015). How effective are expressive writing interventions for adolescents? A meta-analytic review. Clinical psychology review, 36, 42–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.003
Wathaniyah, N., Japar, M., & Awalya, A. (2022). The Effectiveness of Group Counseling Using Role Playing and Behavioral Rehearsal Techniques to Reduce Students’ Aggressive Behavior. Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling, 11(1), 76–81. https://doi.org/10.15294/jubk.v11i1.56296
Zarshenas, L., Baneshi, M., Sharif, F., & Moghimi Sarani, E. (2017). Anger management in substance abuse based on cognitive behavioral therapy: An interventional study. BMC psychiatry, 17, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1511-z
Zuhdi, M. S., & Nuqul, F. L. (2022). Konsepsi Emosi Marah Dalam Perspektif Budaya di Indonesia: Sebuah Pendekatan Indigenous Psychology. Jurnal Psikologi, 18(1), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.24014/jp.v18i1.14680
Aqiilah, D., As, D. S., & Fauzi, A. (2023). Dampak Media Sosial Terhadap Tindak Kenakalan Remaja. Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi, 6(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.33627/es.v6i1.1176
Berg, R. C., Landreth, G. L., & Fall, K. A. (2017). Group counseling: Concepts and procedures. In Group Counseling: Concepts and Procedures. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315157757
Broekhuizen, M. L., Mokrova, I. L., Burchinal, M. R., Garrett-Peters, P. T., & Family Life Project Key Investigators (2016). Classroom Quality at Pre-kindergarten and Kindergarten and Children's Social Skills and Behavior Problems. Early childhood research quarterly, 36, 212–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.01.005
Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. D. (2016). Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions. John Wiley & Sons.
Carolina, C., & Tjakrawiralaksana, M. A. (2021). Efektivitas intervensi teen anger management and education dalam mengatasi masalah kemarahan dan agresivitas pada remaja perempuan. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 9(2), 200–210. https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v9i2.14441
Çeliköz, N., Erişen, Y., & Şahin, M. (2019). Cognitive learning theories with emphasis on latent learning, gestalt and information processing theories. Journal of Educational and Instructional Studies in the World, 9(3). 18–33.
Chairunnisa, A. F., Mayasari, M., & Lubis, F. O. (2023). Hiperrealitas dalam Media Sosial. Da’watuna: Journal of Communication and Islamic Broadcasting, 4(2), 611–625. https://doi.org/10.47467/dawatuna.v4i2.4692
Corey, G. (2017). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy. Cengage Learning.
Creswell, J. (2015). Educational Research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (5th ed.). Pearson.
De Wet, C. (2020). Social media commenters’ understanding of the antecedents of teacher-targeted bullying. South African Journal of Education, 40(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v40n3a1799
El Fiah, R., & Anggralisa, I. (2017). Efekitvitas Layanan Konseling Kelompok dengan Pendekatan Realita untuk Mengatasi Kesulitankomunikasi Interpersonal Peserta Didik Kelas X MAN Krui Lampung Barat T.P 2015/2016. KONSELI : Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling (E-Journal), 2(2), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.24042/kons.v2i2.1207
Fathimatuzzahro, R. (2018b). Terapi Realitas Untuk Mengendalikan Emosi Marah Seorang Remaja Di Desa Deket Wetan Lamongan. Thesis, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Firman, F., & Ersya, Z. L. (2023). Group Guidance Using the Gestalt Approach in Reducing Adolescent Aggressive Behavior. In Proceedings of the Unima International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (UNICSSH 2022) (pp. 365–373). Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-35-0_45
Fitri, N. F., & Adelya, B. (2017). Kematangan emosi remaja dalam pengentasan masalah. JPGI (Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia), 2(2), 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29210/02225jpgi0005
Handasah, R. (2014). Mengurangi rasa marah melalui Gestalt Therapy. Procedia: Studi Kasus dan Intervensi Psikologi, 2(2), 33–37. https://doi.org/10.22219/procedia.v2i2.16290
Kemenkominfo.(2022).Kominfo: Pengguna Internet di Indonesia 63 juta orang. Jakarta: Kementrian Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia. https://www.kominfo.go.id/index.php/content/detail/3415/Kominfo+%3A+Pengguna+Internet+di+Indonesia+63+Juta+Orang/0/berita_satker.
Kumar, S. (2017). Management of Anger with Anger Reversal Technique among School Going Adolescents. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 4(3), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2017.03.004
Lestari, A., & Marjo, H. K. (2021). Efektivitas Teknik Anger Management dalam Mengelola Emosi Marah yang Dilakukan melalui E-counseling di SMPI Jakarta. Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 10(1), 14–23. http://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/insight/article/download/20438/11834
Leung, Y. W., Maslej, M. M., Ho, C., Razavi, S., Uy, P., Hosseini, M. A., ... & Peterkin, A. (2023). Cocreating meaning through expressive writing and reading for cancer caregivers. Journal of Palliative Care, 38(3), 307–315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0825859719871538
Martin, R. & Vieaux, L. (2019). 9. The Digital Rage: How Anger is Expressed Online. In The Psychology of Social Networking Vol.2: Identity and Relationships in Online Communities (pp. 117–127). Warsaw, Poland: De Gruyter Open Poland. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110473858-011
Meichenbaum, D. (2017). Anger management. In D. Meichenbaum (Ed.), The evolution of cognitive behavior therapy: A personal and professional journey with Don Meichenbaum (1st ed., pp. 125–131). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315748931
Mertoglu, M. (2018). Importance of anger management in pre-school childhood. International Journal of Education and Practice, 6(4), 200–205. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.61.2018.64.200.205
Mutari, H., Suranata, K., & Gading, K. (2021). Gestalt counseling application to resolve psychological disorder. COUNS-EDU: The International Journal of Counseling and Education, 6(4), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.23916/0020210638840
Nootash, V. A., Ammari, H., & Banisi, P. (2019). The Effectiveness of Group Reality Therapy on Happiness and Anger Control in Female Head of Tabriz Amdad Committee. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Sciences(JNAES) Original Article Fall-2019, 1(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.22034/NAES.2019.99007
Oberauer, K. (2019). Is Rehearsal an Effective Maintenance Strategy for Working Memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 23(9), 798–809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2019.06.002
Permendikbud. (2014). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 111 Tahun 2014 Tentang Bimbingan Dan Konseling Pada Pendidikan Dasar Dan Pendidikan Menengah. Jakarta: Kemendikbud RI, 1–45.
Pratiwi, K. U. S. (2022). Pengaruh Bimbingan Kelompok Melalui Teknik Expressive Writing Untuk Meningkatkan Empati Pada Siswa Di Kelas X SMK Swasta Satria Dharma Perbaungan Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022. Ability: Journal of Education and Social Analysis, 3(3), 116–131. https://doi.org/10.51178/jesa.v3i3.727
Ricky, D. S. (2023). Pengaruh Konseling Kelompok dengan Teknik Behavioral Rehearsal Terhadap Self Confidence Peserta Didik Kelas VIII Mts Negeri 2 Bandar Lampung. Doctoral Dissertation, UIN Raden Intan Lampung.
Setyowati, R. (2020). Improving English Communicative Competence at Tertiary Level of Education in Industrial Revolution 4.0 using Co-Trainers Program. Jurnal Makna, 6(1), 74–89. https://doi.org/10.33558/makna.v6i1.2010
Shepherd, G., & Cant, M. (2020). Difficult to change? The differences between successful and not-so-successful participation in anger management groups. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 20(2), 214–223. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12276
Silvey, B. A. (2014). Strategies for Improving Rehearsal Technique. Update: Applications of Research in Music Education, 32(2), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/8755123313502348
Thontowi, H. B., Wulandari, Rr. C., Hakim, M. A., Moordiningsih, Dr., Yuniarti, K. W., & Kim, U. (2014). Causes of anger among senior high school students in Indonesia: An indigenous psychology approach. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 3(2), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsp.2014.104
Travagin, G., Margola, D., & Revenson, T. A. (2015). How effective are expressive writing interventions for adolescents? A meta-analytic review. Clinical psychology review, 36, 42–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.003
Wathaniyah, N., Japar, M., & Awalya, A. (2022). The Effectiveness of Group Counseling Using Role Playing and Behavioral Rehearsal Techniques to Reduce Students’ Aggressive Behavior. Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling, 11(1), 76–81. https://doi.org/10.15294/jubk.v11i1.56296
Zarshenas, L., Baneshi, M., Sharif, F., & Moghimi Sarani, E. (2017). Anger management in substance abuse based on cognitive behavioral therapy: An interventional study. BMC psychiatry, 17, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1511-z
Zuhdi, M. S., & Nuqul, F. L. (2022). Konsepsi Emosi Marah Dalam Perspektif Budaya di Indonesia: Sebuah Pendekatan Indigenous Psychology. Jurnal Psikologi, 18(1), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.24014/jp.v18i1.14680
Authors
Marpaung, J. V. A., Muslihati, M., Hitipeuw, I., & Valdez, A. V. (2024). Impact of Gestalt and Reality Counseling on Reducing Junior High School Students’ Anger in Social Media. Buletin Konseling Inovatif, 4(2), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.17977/um059v4i22024p99-106
Copyright (c) 2024 Julia Vika Andriani Marpaung, Muslihati Muslihati, Imanuel Hitipeuw, Anabelie V. Valdez
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