The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Individual Counseling to Enhance Public Speaking Skills: A Study among 7th Graders
Abstract
Improving public speaking skills is necessary to help students build self-confidence, enhance communication skills, and support their education and careers. This research uses a qualitative method where the researcher is the key instrument, with purposive sampling of data sources and triangulation techniques for data collection. The study finds that: (1) The use of Virtual Reality (VR) during individual counseling for middle school students significantly aids in improving public speaking skills, as evidenced by the change from 0% in initial observations of public speaking skills before VR counseling to 75% after VR counseling, and from 8.3% to 66.6% in the second client. (2) VR counseling impacts students by boosting their public speaking skills and encouraging them to improve academically and non-academically. (3) VR counseling proves to enhance public speaking abilities in terms of verbal communication, vocal control, and visual expression, with students demonstrating clearer language and structure, better volume regulation, and improved self-expression in public.
References
Alase, A. (2017). The interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA): A guide to a good qualitative research approach. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 5(2), 9. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.5n.2p.9
Anderson, P. L., Zimand, E., Hodges, L. F., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2005). Cognitive behavioral therapy for public-speaking anxiety using virtual reality for exposure. Depression and Anxiety, 22(3), 156–158. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20090
Chollet, M., Neubauer, C., Ghate, P., & Scherer, S. (2018). Influence of individual differences when training public speaking with virtual audiences. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, IVA 2018 (pp. 1–7). https://doi.org/10.1145/3267851.3267874
Rahmawati, E. M., Ramdhani, R. N., Taufiq, A., & Nurillah, S. A. L. (2023). A systematic literature review: Virtual reality untuk mengatasi public speaking anxiety pada mahasiswa. G-Couns: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 7(03), 382–394. https://doi.org/10.31316/gcouns.v7i03.4614
Fatikah, S. I., Fathin, N., Afsharina, N., & Suryandari, M. (2023). Memperkuat kepercayaan diri dalam public speaking dan mengembangkan karakter melalui storytelling. Jurnal Inovasi Dan Humaniora, 1(4), 672–678.
Feist, J., & Feist, G. J. (2008). Theory of personality. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Gorinelli, S., Gallego, A., Lappalainen, P., & Lappalainen, R. (2023). Virtual reality acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for social and public speaking anxiety: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 28(May), 289–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.05.004
Jasuli, J., & Fitriani, E. (2018). Pengembangan media pembelajaran public speaking berbasis teknologi virtual reality (VR) pada mahasiswa IKIP Budi Utomo Malang. DIDAKTIKA: Jurnal Pemikiran Pendidikan, 25(1), 46–65. http://journal.umg.ac.id/index.php/didaktika/article/view/694
LeFebvre, L. E., LeFebvre, L., & Allen, M. (2021). "Imagine all the people": Imagined interactions in virtual reality when public speaking. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 40(3), 189–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276236620938310
Lestiono, R., & Lee, S. M. (2024). Virtual reality exposure therapy for reducing students’ public speaking anxiety: A systematic review. JALT CALL Journal, 20(2), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.29140/jaltcall.v20n2.1515
Meditania, M., Siswadi, A. G. P., & Iskandarsyah, A. (2020). Rancangan virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) untuk meningkatkan audience self-presentational efficacy. Journal of Psychological Science and Profession, 4(2), 116. https://doi.org/10.24198/jpsp.v4i2.26389
Nadia, H., & Yansyah, Y. (2018). The effect of public speaking training on students’ speaking anxiety and skill. Proceedings of the 65th TEFLIN International Conference, 65(1), 227–232. https://ojs.unm.ac.id/teflin65/article/download/6276/3615
Nasution, H. S., & Abdillah. (2018). Bimbingan dan konseling: Konsep, teori, dan aplikasinya. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Nazligul, M. D., Yilmaz, M., Gulec, U., Gozcu, M. A., O'Connor, R. V., & Clarke, P. M. (2017). Overcoming public speaking anxiety of software engineers using virtual reality exposure therapy. In Communications in Computer and Information Science (Vol. 748, pp. 191–202). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64218-5_15
Opriș, D., Pintea, S., García-Palacios, A., Botella, C., Szamosközi, Ş., & David, D. (2012). Virtual reality exposure therapy in anxiety disorders: A quantitative meta-analysis. Depression and Anxiety, 29(2), 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20910
Sakib, M. N., Yadav, M., Chaspari, T., & Behzadan, A. H. (2019). Coupling virtual reality and physiological markers to improve public speaking performance. In 19th International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality (CONVR2019) (pp. 171–180).
Sanchez, L. B. (2022). The efficiency of virtual reality therapy for fear of public speaking. UC Riverside, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.05768
Sarpourian, F., Samad-Soltani, T., Moulaei, K., & Bahaadinbeigy, K. (2022). The effect of virtual reality therapy and counseling on students’ public speaking anxiety. Health Science Reports, 5(5), e816. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.816
Sigurvinsdottir, R., Soring, K., Kristinsdottir, K., Halfdanarson, S. G., Johannsdottir, K. R., Vilhjalmsson, H. H., & Valdimarsdottir, H. B. (2021). Social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and distress in a virtual reality environment. Behaviour Change, 38(2), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2021.4
Sugiyono. (2015). Metode penelitian pendidikan: Pendekatan kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Suhertina. (2014). Dasar-dasar bimbingan dan konseling. CV Mutiara Pesisir Sumatera.
Turap, T., Merupakan, T. B., Lebih, T. B., & Turap, T. D. (2012). Qualitative research methods in psychology.
Vanni, F., Conversano, C., Del Debbio, A., Landi, P., Carlini, M., Fanciullacci, C., Bergamasco, M., Di Fiorino, A., & Dell’Osso, L. (2013). A survey on virtual environment applications to fear of public speaking. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 17(12), 1561–1568.
Wardani, H. K. (2022). Pemikiran teori kognitif Piaget di sekolah dasar. Khazanah Pendidikan, 16(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.30595/jkp.v16i1.12251
Yee, K. M., Jafre, M., & Abidin, Z. (2014). The use of public speaking in motivating ESL learners to overcome speech anxiety. International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature (IJSELL), 2(11), 127–135. https://www.arcjournals.org/pdfs/ijsell/v2-i11/16.pdf
Anderson, P. L., Zimand, E., Hodges, L. F., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2005). Cognitive behavioral therapy for public-speaking anxiety using virtual reality for exposure. Depression and Anxiety, 22(3), 156–158. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20090
Chollet, M., Neubauer, C., Ghate, P., & Scherer, S. (2018). Influence of individual differences when training public speaking with virtual audiences. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, IVA 2018 (pp. 1–7). https://doi.org/10.1145/3267851.3267874
Rahmawati, E. M., Ramdhani, R. N., Taufiq, A., & Nurillah, S. A. L. (2023). A systematic literature review: Virtual reality untuk mengatasi public speaking anxiety pada mahasiswa. G-Couns: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 7(03), 382–394. https://doi.org/10.31316/gcouns.v7i03.4614
Fatikah, S. I., Fathin, N., Afsharina, N., & Suryandari, M. (2023). Memperkuat kepercayaan diri dalam public speaking dan mengembangkan karakter melalui storytelling. Jurnal Inovasi Dan Humaniora, 1(4), 672–678.
Feist, J., & Feist, G. J. (2008). Theory of personality. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Gorinelli, S., Gallego, A., Lappalainen, P., & Lappalainen, R. (2023). Virtual reality acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for social and public speaking anxiety: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 28(May), 289–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.05.004
Jasuli, J., & Fitriani, E. (2018). Pengembangan media pembelajaran public speaking berbasis teknologi virtual reality (VR) pada mahasiswa IKIP Budi Utomo Malang. DIDAKTIKA: Jurnal Pemikiran Pendidikan, 25(1), 46–65. http://journal.umg.ac.id/index.php/didaktika/article/view/694
LeFebvre, L. E., LeFebvre, L., & Allen, M. (2021). "Imagine all the people": Imagined interactions in virtual reality when public speaking. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 40(3), 189–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276236620938310
Lestiono, R., & Lee, S. M. (2024). Virtual reality exposure therapy for reducing students’ public speaking anxiety: A systematic review. JALT CALL Journal, 20(2), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.29140/jaltcall.v20n2.1515
Meditania, M., Siswadi, A. G. P., & Iskandarsyah, A. (2020). Rancangan virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) untuk meningkatkan audience self-presentational efficacy. Journal of Psychological Science and Profession, 4(2), 116. https://doi.org/10.24198/jpsp.v4i2.26389
Nadia, H., & Yansyah, Y. (2018). The effect of public speaking training on students’ speaking anxiety and skill. Proceedings of the 65th TEFLIN International Conference, 65(1), 227–232. https://ojs.unm.ac.id/teflin65/article/download/6276/3615
Nasution, H. S., & Abdillah. (2018). Bimbingan dan konseling: Konsep, teori, dan aplikasinya. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Nazligul, M. D., Yilmaz, M., Gulec, U., Gozcu, M. A., O'Connor, R. V., & Clarke, P. M. (2017). Overcoming public speaking anxiety of software engineers using virtual reality exposure therapy. In Communications in Computer and Information Science (Vol. 748, pp. 191–202). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64218-5_15
Opriș, D., Pintea, S., García-Palacios, A., Botella, C., Szamosközi, Ş., & David, D. (2012). Virtual reality exposure therapy in anxiety disorders: A quantitative meta-analysis. Depression and Anxiety, 29(2), 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20910
Sakib, M. N., Yadav, M., Chaspari, T., & Behzadan, A. H. (2019). Coupling virtual reality and physiological markers to improve public speaking performance. In 19th International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality (CONVR2019) (pp. 171–180).
Sanchez, L. B. (2022). The efficiency of virtual reality therapy for fear of public speaking. UC Riverside, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.05768
Sarpourian, F., Samad-Soltani, T., Moulaei, K., & Bahaadinbeigy, K. (2022). The effect of virtual reality therapy and counseling on students’ public speaking anxiety. Health Science Reports, 5(5), e816. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.816
Sigurvinsdottir, R., Soring, K., Kristinsdottir, K., Halfdanarson, S. G., Johannsdottir, K. R., Vilhjalmsson, H. H., & Valdimarsdottir, H. B. (2021). Social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and distress in a virtual reality environment. Behaviour Change, 38(2), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2021.4
Sugiyono. (2015). Metode penelitian pendidikan: Pendekatan kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Suhertina. (2014). Dasar-dasar bimbingan dan konseling. CV Mutiara Pesisir Sumatera.
Turap, T., Merupakan, T. B., Lebih, T. B., & Turap, T. D. (2012). Qualitative research methods in psychology.
Vanni, F., Conversano, C., Del Debbio, A., Landi, P., Carlini, M., Fanciullacci, C., Bergamasco, M., Di Fiorino, A., & Dell’Osso, L. (2013). A survey on virtual environment applications to fear of public speaking. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 17(12), 1561–1568.
Wardani, H. K. (2022). Pemikiran teori kognitif Piaget di sekolah dasar. Khazanah Pendidikan, 16(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.30595/jkp.v16i1.12251
Yee, K. M., Jafre, M., & Abidin, Z. (2014). The use of public speaking in motivating ESL learners to overcome speech anxiety. International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature (IJSELL), 2(11), 127–135. https://www.arcjournals.org/pdfs/ijsell/v2-i11/16.pdf
Authors
Oktariani, F. N., Prihandoko, T. L., & Dewi, W. N. A. (2024). The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Individual Counseling to Enhance Public Speaking Skills: A Study among 7th Graders. Buletin Konseling Inovatif, 4(3), 159–166. https://doi.org/10.17977/um059v4i32024p159-166
Copyright (c) 2024 Firda Nova Oktariani, Tri Leksono Prihandoko, Widya Novi Angga Dewi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.