The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Using Cognitive Restructuring Techniques in Group Settings to Reduce Smoking Behavior in Adolescents
Abstract
There are numerous factors that drive adolescents to smoke, one of which is the presence of negative or irrational thoughts related to smoking behavior itself. Such thoughts include beliefs that smoking makes them appear more masculine, more accepted within their social circles, among other irrational perceptions. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) using cognitive restructuring techniques in a group setting to reduce smoking frequency in adolescents by addressing their irrational thought patterns. A quantitative experimental method was employed, using a pretest-posttest control group design. A total of 8 students were randomly assigned to two groups. Data analysis was conducted using parametric statistical tests, specifically the independent sample t-test and the correlated/paired sample t-test. The results indicate that cognitive restructuring techniques applied in group setting significantly reduce smoking behavior among adolescents.
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Steigerwald, F., & Stone, D. (1999). Cognitive restructuring and the 12-step program of alcoholics anonymous. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 16(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-5472(98)00052-X
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Corey, G. (2012). Theory and Practice of Group Counseling, Eighth Edition. In Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.
Cormier, S., Nurius, P. S., & Osborn, C. J. (2008). Interviewing and Change Strategies for Helpers: Fundamental Skills and Cognitive Behavioral Interventions, 6th. In (2009) (Issue 622 pp). Cengage Learning. https://books.google.co.ug/books?id=bQ5tCgAAQBAJ
Del-Monte, J., & Graziani, P. (2021). Anticipatory, Relief-Oriented and Permissive Beliefs in Patients with Suicidal Behaviors: An Exploratory Case-Control Study. Archives of Suicide Research, 25(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1738969
Germeroth, L. J., Carpenter, M. J., Baker, N. L., Froeliger, B., LaRowe, S. D., & Saladin, M. E. (2017). Effect of a brief memory updating intervention on smoking behavior: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(3), 214–223. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3148
Giyati, Astuti, K., & Noor Fatmah, S. (2019). Hipnoterapi Dengan Part Therapy Untuk Penurunan Perilaku Merokok. Photon: Jurnal Sain Dan Kesehatan, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.37859/jp.v10i1.1472
Hessler-Kaufmann, J. B., Heese, J., Berking, M., Voderholzer, U., & Diedrich, A. (2020). Emotion regulation strategies in bulimia nervosa: An experimental investigation of mindfulness, self-compassion, and cognitive restructuring. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40479-020-00129-3
Huda, M. J. N., & M, E. M. (2020). The Dynamics Of Adolescent Self-Concept in Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Wonosari Yogyakarta. Jurnal Psikologi Integratif, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.14421/jpsi.v7i2.1828
Ireel, A. M., Elita, Y., & Mishbahuddin, A. (2018). Efektivitas Layanan Konseling Kelompok Teknik Restrukturisasi Kognitif Untuk Mereduksi Kecemasan Menghadapi Ujian Siswa SMP di Kota Bengkulu. Consilia : Jurnal Ilmiah Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.33369/consilia.1.2.1-10
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2018). Rokok: Akar Masalah Jantung Dan Melukai Hati Keluarga. Diunduh dari: https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/print/18052800008/rokok-akar-masalah-jantung-dan-melukai-hati-keluarga.html tanggal 20 september 2021
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2020). Peringatan HTTS 2020: Cegah Anak dan Remaja Indonesia dari ''Bujukan'' Rokok dan Penularan COVID-19. Diunduh dari: https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/view/20053100002/peringatan-htts-2020-cegah-anak-dan-remaja-indonesia-dari-bujukan-rokok-dan-penularan-covid-19.html tanggal 22 September 2021
King, L. A. (2016). Psikologi Umum Sebuah Pandangan Apresiatif terj. Yuditha Hardini, Petty Gina Gayatri. In Jakarta: Salemba Humanika.
Lin, M., Chu, M., Li, X., Ma, H., Fang, Z., Mao, L., Wang, P., Chen, T., & Chiang, Y. C. (2023). Factors influencing adolescent experimental and current smoking behaviors based on social cognitive theory: A cross-sectional study in Xiamen. Frontiers in Public Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1093264
Meckel, K., & Rittenhouse, K. (2022). The Effect of Smoking on Mental Health: Evidence from a Randomized Trial. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4073161
Noviandari, H., & Kawakib, J. (2016). Teknik Cognitive Restructuring Untuk Meningkatkan Self Efficacy Belajar Siswa. Jurnal Psikologi, 3(2).
Panahi, R., Ramezankhani, A., Tavousi, M., & Niknami, S. (2018). Adding health literacy to the health belief model: Effectiveness of an educational intervention on smoking preventive behaviors among university students. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.13773
Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementrian Kesehatan RI. (2015). InfoDATIN: Perilaku merokok masyarakat Indonesia berdasarkan Riskesdas 2007 dan 2013. Diunduh dari: https://pusdatin.kemkes.go.id/download.php?file=download/pusdatin/infodatin/infodatin-hari-tanpa-tembakau-sedunia.pdf tanggal 22 September 2021
Rahmatillah, N., & Setiawati, F. A. (2020). The analysis of cognitive restructuring techniques effectiveness to reduce the online game addiction. International Journal of Research in Counseling and Education, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.24036/00263za0002
Raji, N. A. A., Mansor, N., Mohid-Karim, A.-F., Mansor, S., & Raji, N. H. A. (2019). The use of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) in smoking cessation: A case study. Journal of Business and Social Development, 7(2).
Riyanto, R., Ariani, N. P., Farida, I., Nuraeni, A., & Salmid, A. (2023). Stress management intervention could reduce the adolescent smoking behavior. International Journal of Health Sciences, 7(S1), 1527–1538. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14372
Safitri, A., Avicenna, M., & Hartati, N. (2019). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Merokok pada Remaja. TAZKIYA: Journal of Psychology, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.15408/tazkiya.v18i1.9309
Steigerwald, F., & Stone, D. (1999). Cognitive restructuring and the 12-step program of alcoholics anonymous. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 16(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-5472(98)00052-X
Sulastri, S., Herman, D., & Darwin, E. (2018). Keinginan Berhenti Merokok Pada Pelajar Perokok Berdasarkan Global Youth Tobacco Survey di SMK Negeri Kota Padang. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v7i2.803
Suwi Wahyu Utami. (2017). Pengaruh Teknik Restrukturisasi Kognitif Berbasis Muhasabah dalam Mereduksi Kejenuhan Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII Boarding School SMPIT Abu Bakar Yogyakarta. UIN Sunan Kalijaga.
Taylor, G., McNeill, A., Girling, A., Farley, A., Lindson-Hawley, N., & Aveyard, P. (2014). Change in mental health after smoking cessation: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ (Online), 348. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g1151
Tulenan, M., Rompas, S., & Ismanto, A. (2015). Hubungan Perilaku Merokok Dengan Prestasi Belajar Pada Remaja Perokok Di Sma Negeri 1 Remboken. Jurnal Keperawatan UNSRAT, 3(2).
Authors
Sanjaya, I. P. A., & Astuti, K. (2024). The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Using Cognitive Restructuring Techniques in Group Settings to Reduce Smoking Behavior in Adolescents. Buletin Konseling Inovatif, 4(3), 175–181. https://doi.org/10.17977/um059v4i32024p175-181
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