Cultural Intelligence Profile of Junior High School Counsellors and Its Implication on Multicultural Counseling
Abstract
The diversity of ethnicities, religions, and races that exist in Indonesia contribute to the country's characterization as a nation with a multitude of cultures. In the context of the relationship between counselor and counselee, cultural diversity is a significant concern. The comprehension, awareness, and work behavior of the counselee's cultural diversity is indicative of the counselor's cultural intelligence. The concept of cultural intelligence is a crucial aspect that counselors must consider when providing multicultural counseling services. The objectives of this research are to determine the description of counselors' cultural intelligence and its application in multicultural counseling. The research employed a quantitative research survey design for junior high school counselors in Malang Regency. For the research instrument, this study employed an intelligence scale adapted from Early and Ang. The data were analyzed descriptively in order to describe the counselor's cultural intelligence profile. The results indicated that metacognitive indicators exhibited the highest proportion, with 40% falling within the very high category, while behavioral indicators exhibited the lowest proportion, with 5% falling within the deficient category. The results of the study indicate that there is a need for counseling assistance in the behavioral aspect of cultural intelligence in order to facilitate the implementation of multicultural counseling. In essence, cultural intelligence represents a form of counselor multicultural competence that is necessary for the implementation of multicultural counseling. An increase in cultural intelligence thus supports an increase in multicultural counseling.
References
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Rockstuhl, T., & Van Dyne, L. (2018). A bi-factor theory of the four-factor model of cultural intelligence: Meta-analysis and theoretical extensions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 148(July), 124–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2018.07.005
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Song, H., Varma, A., & Zhang Zhang, Y. (2023). Motivational cultural intelligence and expatriate talent adjustment: an exploratory study of the moderation effects of cultural distance. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(2), 344–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.1966491
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Zarbaliyev, H. (2017). Multiculturalism in globalization era: History and challenge for Indonesia. International Journal of Scientific Studies, 13(1), 1–16.
Alwi, I. (2012). Kriteria Empirik dalam Menentukan Ukuran Sampel pada Pengujian Hipotesis Statistika dan Analisis Butir. Jurnal Formatif, 2(2), 140–148.
Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., Koh, C., ng, K. Y., Templer, K. J., Tay, C., & Chandrasekar, N. A. (2007). Cultural Intelligence: Its Measurement and Effects on Cultural Judgment and Decision Making, Cultural Adaptation and Task Performance. Management and Organization Review, 3(3), 335–371. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2007.00082.x
Bücker, J., Furrer, O., & Lin, Y. (2015). Measuring cultural intelligence (CQ): A new test of the CQ scale. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 15(3), 259–284. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595815606741
Chédru, M., & Ostapchuk, M. (2023). The effect of study abroad and personality on cultural intelligence: A deeper understanding using the expanded model of cultural intelligence. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 92(September 2022), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.11.001
Chen, Y., Yang, Z., Liu, B., Wang, D., Xiao, Y., & Wang, A. (2023). How cultural intelligence affects expatriate effectiveness in international construction projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-03-2022-0247
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. In Sage. United States of America: Sage Publications.
Dawson, C. (2009). Introduction to Reseach Methods: A Practical Guide for Anyone Undertaking a Research Project. In How To Content (Vol. 53). Oxford: How to Books Ltd.
Devina, D. (2021). Cultural Intelligence of Foreign Language Lecturers: A Measurement towards Global Competence. Lingua Cultura, 15(1), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.21512/lc.v15i1.7100
Earley, P. C., & Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures. California: Stanford University Press.
Garaika, & Darmanah. (2019). Metodologi Penelitian. Lampung: CV Hira Tech.
Ghaniyy, A. Al, & Akmal, S. Z. (2018). Kecerdasan Budaya Dan Penyesuaian Diri Dalam Konteks Sosial-Budaya Pada Mahasiswa Indonesia Yang Kuliah Di Luar Negeri. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat, 5(2), 123–137. https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu02018-179
Ghislieri, C., Molino, M., Dolce, V., Mercogliano, C., & Mosso, C. O. (2018). An italian validation of the cultural intelligence scale: A preliminary study. BPA Applied Psychology Bulletin, 66(282), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.26387/bpa.282.4
Gozzoli, C., & Gazzaroli, D. (2018). The Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS): A contribution to the Italian validation. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(JUL), 335–336. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01183
Hidayah, N., Ramli, M., & Hanafi, H. (2017). Urgency cognitive-behavioral counseling based on local wisdom for junior high school counselor in East Java. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 118, 923–928. https://doi.org/10.2991/icset-17.2017.149
Hotifah, Y., & Hamidah. (2019). Systematic literature review: Concept, dimension, and antecedent multicultural counselling competence. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 5(5), 579–595.
Lam, R., Cheung, C., & Lugosi, P. (2022). The impacts of cultural intelligence and emotional labor on the job satisfaction of luxury hotel employees. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 100(August 2021), 103084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.103084
Latif, S. (2017). Kecerdasan Budaya Mahasiswa Calon Konselor. JOMSIGN: Journal of Multicultural Studies in Guidance and Counseling, 1(2), 139. https://doi.org/10.17509/jomsign.v1i2.6314
Leung, K., Ang, S., & Tan, M. L. (2014). Intercultural Competence. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 489–519. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091229
Livermore, D. (2010). Leading with Cultural Intelligence:The New Secret to Succes. In American Management Association.
Mappiare-AT, A. (2022). Rasional, Pandangan Filosofis, dan Teori Kepribadian KIPAS: Modul Satu KIPAS (Teori). Malang: BK FIP UM.
Mappiare-AT, A., Hidayah, N., Muslihati, & Fauzan, L. (2020). Revitalization of the Ideal Value of Archipelago's Culture through KIPAS Model Counseling. 508(Icite), 167–172. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201214.231
Muslihati, Hotifah, Y., Hidayat, W. N., Valdez, A. V, Purwanta, E., Ilmi, A. M., & Saputra, N. M. A. (2023). Predicting the mental health quality of adolescents with intensive exposure to metaverse and its counseling recommendations in a multicultural context. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 42(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v42i1.54415
Nugraha, A. (2018). Kecerdasan Budaya Dalam Proses Bantuan Penyelesaian Masalah. Journal of Innovative Counseling: Theory, Practice & Research, 2, 14–19.
O'Hara, C., Chang, C. Y., & Giordano, A. L. (2021). Multicultural Competence in Counseling Research: The Cornerstone of Scholarship. Journal of Counseling and Development, 99(2), 200–209. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12367
Rachmawati, I., Multisari, W., Triyono, T., Simon, I. M., & da Costa, A. (2021). Prevalence of academic resilience of social science students in facing the industry 5.0 era. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(2), 676–683. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i2.21175
Rahmi, S., Mappiare-AT, A., & Muslihati. (2017). Karakter Ideal Konselor Dalam Budaya Teks Pappaseng. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, Dan Pengembangan, 2(2), 228–237.
Riswanto, D., Mappiare-AT, A., & Irtadji, M. (2017). Kompetensi Multikultural Konselor pada Kebudayaan Suku Dayak Kalimantan Tengah. JOMSIGN: Journal of Multicultural Studies in Guidance and Counseling, 1(2), 215. https://doi.org/10.17509/jomsign.v1i2.8320
Rockstuhl, T., Seiler, S., Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., & Annen, H. (2019). Beyond General Intelligence ( IQ ) and Emotional Intelligence ( EQ ): The Role of Cultural Intelligence ( CQ ) on ... Journal of Social Issues, 67(4), 825–840. Retrieved from https://culturalq.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/JSI-2011-Rockstuhl-et-al.pdf
Rockstuhl, T., & Van Dyne, L. (2018). A bi-factor theory of the four-factor model of cultural intelligence: Meta-analysis and theoretical extensions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 148(July), 124–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2018.07.005
Sendayu, F. S., Muslihati, Mappiare, A., & Atmoko, A. (2022). Level Cultural Intelligence for Counselor Candidates and Its Implications for Education. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 12(2), 71–76. https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.12.02.06
Song, H., Varma, A., & Zhang Zhang, Y. (2023). Motivational cultural intelligence and expatriate talent adjustment: an exploratory study of the moderation effects of cultural distance. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(2), 344–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.1966491
Sudirman, M. Y., Mappiare-AT, A., & Hambali, I. (2021). Adopsi Nilai Etika Pappaseng Bugis sebagai Konten Bibliokonseling dalam Langkah Konseling KIPAS. (2019), 1226–1231.
Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., Ng, K. Y., Rockstuhl, T., Tan, M. L., & Koh, C. (2012). Sub-Dimensions of the Four Factor Model of Cultural Intelligence: Expanding the Conceptualization and Measurement of Cultural Intelligence. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6(4), 295–313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2012.00429.x
Wahidah, S., Karneli, Y. K., & Mudjiran. (2020). Kecerdasan budaya mahasiswa pascasarjana bimbingan dan konseling Universitas Negeri Padang TM 2018. Ristekdik (Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling), 5(1), 14–19. Retrieved from http://jurnal.um-tapsel.ac.id/index.php/Ristekdik/article/view/1003
Wang, C., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Dunne, M. P., Hou, X. Y., & Khawaja, N. G. (2021). How much can our universities do in the development of cultural intelligence? A cross-sectional study among health care students. Nurse Education Today, 103(May), 104956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104956
Zarbaliyev, H. (2017). Multiculturalism in globalization era: History and challenge for Indonesia. International Journal of Scientific Studies, 13(1), 1–16.
Authors
Ramli, M., Saputra, N. M. A., & Muhayani, U. (2024). Cultural Intelligence Profile of Junior High School Counsellors and Its Implication on Multicultural Counseling. Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 9(1), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.17977/um001v9i12024p47-54
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