Self-Compassion and Peer Social Support: Do They Influence Self-Efficacy in Career Decision Making of Generation Z Students?
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of self-compassion and peer social support on career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE) among Generation Z college students in Indonesia. This study uses quantitative methods with a regression analysis approach. Sampling was conducted using non-probability sampling techniques with an accidental sampling approach. This study involved 367 active college students from Generation Z, aged 18-24, residing or studying in the metropolitan area of Greater Bandung. Greater Bandung was chosen as the research location because it represents the characteristics of Generation Z in Indonesia. The city is a center of education and culture with diverse higher education institutions that attract students from across the country. Data was collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire, using scales that had been previously adapted and developed to measure self-compassion, peer social support, and CDMSE. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicated that self-compassion and peer social support, both individually and simultaneously, positively influenced career decision-making self-efficacy among Generation Z. This suggests that students with higher levels of self-compassion and social support from peers tend to have greater confidence in making career decisions.
References
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Hackett, G., & Betz, N. E. (1981). A self-efficacy approach to the career development of women. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 18(3), 326–339.
Hackett, G., Brown, S. D., & Lent, R. W. (1994). Social cognitive career theory. In D. Brown, L. Brooks, & Associates (Eds.), Career choice and development (4th ed., pp. 255–311). Jossey-Bass.
Haq, R. (2016). Perbedaan career–self efficacy mahasiswa tingkat akhir berdasarkan jenis program pendidikan vokasi (Diploma III) dan program pendidikan akademis (Strata I) pada Universitas Brawijaya (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Brawijaya).
Hatari, S., & Setyawan, I. (2020). Hubungan antara self-compassion dengan resiliensi pada mahasiswa yang sedang mengerjakan skripsi di Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Diponegoro. Jurnal Empati, 7(1), 54–59.
Hidayati, F. (2015). Self-compassion pada mahasiswa akhir yang mengalami stres akademik. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat: Indonesian Journal of Indigenous Psychology, 2(2), 132–141.
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Kalkan, M., & Kalkan, A. K. (2018). The level of academic and environmental stress among college students: A case in the College of Education. Journal of Education and Practice, 9(29), 1–9.
Karinda, F. B. (2020). Belas kasih diri (self compassion) pada mahasiswa. Cognicia, 8(2), 234–252.
Kasali, R. (2018). Strawberry generation: Mengubah generasi rapuh menjadi generasi tangguh. Mizan.
Kim, J., Park, D., & Shin, Y. J. (2023). Friendship dynamics of career decision-making self-efficacy: A longitudinal social network approach. Current Psychology, 42(32), 28771–28782.
Kristiyani, E., & Anshori, M. (2018). Pengaruh self-compassion dan self-efficacy terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis pada mahasiswa. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 6(2), 97–107.
Kurniasari, E., Rusmana, N., & Budiman, N. (2019). Gambaran umum kesejahteraan psikologis mahasiswa. Journal of Innovative Counseling: Theory, Practice, and Research, 3(2), 52–58.
Lent, R. W., & Brown, S. D. (2013). Social cognitive model of career self-management: Toward a unifying view of adaptive career behavior across the life span. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(4), 557–568.
Lent, R. W., & Hackett, G. (1987). Career self-efficacy: Empirical status and future directions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 30(3), 347–382.
Leppma, M., & Darrah, M. (2024). Self-efficacy, mindfulness, and self-compassion as predictors of math anxiety in undergraduate students. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 55(4), 883–898.
Liao, K. Y. H., Stead, G. B., & Liao, C. Y. (2021). A meta-analysis of the relation between self-compassion and self-efficacy. Mindfulness, 12, 1878–1891.
Matsui, T., & Onglatco, M. L. (1992). Career self-efficacy as a moderator of the relation between occupational stress and strain. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 41(1), 79–88.
Melianasari. (2021). Rasch stacking analysis: Career decision making self-efficacy (CDMSE) peserta didik berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Jurnal Psikologi, 20(1), 1–10.
Mifrahi, M. N., & Darmawan, A. S. (2022). Analisis tingkat pengangguran terbuka di Indonesia periode sebelum dan saat pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi dan Keuangan, 6(2), 111–118.
Murniarti, E., & Siahaan, L. I. (2019). Millennials’ career decision-making difficulties (CDMD) in Indonesian university students. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 6(9), 268–276.
Nalipay, M. J. N., & Alfonso, M. K. S. (2018). Career and talent development self-efficacy of Filipino students: The role of self-compassion and hope. Philippine Journal of Psychology, 51(1), 101–120.
Neff, K. D. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032
Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250.
Neff, K. D. (2009). Self-compassion. In M. R. Leary & R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (pp. 561–573). Guilford Press.
Neff, K. D., & Germer, C. K. (2013). A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self‐compassion program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(1), 28–44.
Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and its link to adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 139–154.
Oktavia, S., & Purwanti, M. (2022). Peran dukungan sosial terhadap career decision-making self-efficacy mahasiswa S1 di masa pandemi. Journal of Psychological Science and Profession, 6(3), 255–267.
Panina, S. V., Arkhipova, S. N., Parnikova, T. A., Sergina, E. S., & Sleptsova, M. V. (2020). Student career choices before and during quarantine measures. Journal of Educational Psychology-Propositos y Representaciones, 8(SPE3), e588.
Pascoe, M. C. (2019). The impact of stress on students in secondary school and higher education. Education Sciences, 9(2), 82.
Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia No.21 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Penerapan Kerangka Kualifikasi Nasional Indonesia. (2014). https://www.kemenperin.go.id/kompetensi/Permenaker_21_2014.pdf
Perrykkad, K., Sherwell, C., Kirby, J., & Hohwy, J. (2023). Beliefs about action efficacy mediate the relationship between self-concept clarity and self-reported compassionate action. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice. Advance online publication.
Priyana, Y. (2023). Analisis kesejahteraan psikologis dalam kaitannya dengan kesiapan dunia kerja pada Generasi-Z (Studi kasus mahasiswa tingkat akhir di salah satu perguruan tinggi swasta di Sukabumi). Jurnal Psikologi dan Konseling West Science, 1(1), 1–8.
Purwantini, L., & Pramintari, R. D. (2019). Generasi phi: Adaptabilitas karier, kemampuan metakognitif, & dukungan sosial. Jurnal Selaras: Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling serta Psikologi Pendidikan, 2(2), 29–46.
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Authors
Madani, W., Ihsan, H., & Zakariyya, F. (2024). Self-Compassion and Peer Social Support: Do They Influence Self-Efficacy in Career Decision Making of Generation Z Students?. Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 9(3), 183–193. https://doi.org/10.17977/um001v9i32024p183-193
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