Boosting Teacher Work Engagement: The Role of Self-Efficacy, Resilience, and Personality Traits
Abstract
The role of a teacher in the world of education greatly affects how the quality of students with the expected changes cannot be separated from the responsibility of a teacher in educating, guiding, motivating and being a facilitator for these students. However, low work involvement by teachers is not able to achieve organizational or school success in producing quality successors. The intended work engagement is a series of results from the teacher's self-efficacy and resilience towards himself and work tasks. This study aims to empirically examine the effect of self-efficacy and resilience on teacher work engagement with personality traits as mediators, then explain how much influence between variables built from the model. The research subjects were Junior High School teachers in Tulungagung district, Indonesia. The research sample was 220 Pancasila and Civic Education (Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan) and Social Science (Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial) subject teachers. Hypothesis were analyzed using Smart Partial Least Square (PLS) version 3.0. through PLS-Graph version 3.0 software. The research results show a significant relationship between the influence of self- efficacy and resilience on teacher work engagement through personality traits. It means self-efficacy, resilience, and teacher personality traits correlate significantly with work engagement.
References
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Claessens, S., Djankov, S., Fan, J. P. H., & Lang, L. H. P. (2002). Disentangling the Incentive and Entrenchment Effects of Large Shareholders. The Journal of Finance, 57(6), 2741–2771. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-6261.00511
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Creswell, J. W., & Guetterman, T. C. (2020). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (6th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Deary, I. J. (2009). The Trait Approach to Personality. In P. J. Corr & G. Matthews (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of Personality Psychology (pp. 89–109). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511596544.009
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Doig, C., Brandenberg, T., & Marquardt, N. (2003). A Mediation Model Among Individual Mindfulness, Work Engagement and Collective Mindfulness of Employees in Lima-Peru. Psychology, 14, 607–634. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2023.144032
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Ghozali, I. (2014). Model Persamaan Struktural Konsep dan Aplikasi dengan Program AMOS 22.0 update Bayesian SEM (Cet. VI). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Gibson, S., & Dembo, M. H. (1984). Teacher Efficacy: A Construct Validation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(4), 569–582. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.76.4.569
Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann Jr, W. B. (2003). A Very Brief Measure of the Big-Five Personality Domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(7), 504–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1
Hair Jr., J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis (5th ed.). Prentice Hall.
Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and Work Engagement among Teachers. Journal of School Psychology, 43(6), 495–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2005.11.001
Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and Work Engagement Among Teachers. Journal of School Psychology, 43 (6), 495–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jsp.2005.11.001
Hartono, J., & Abdillah, W. (2009). Konsep dan Aplikasi PLS (Partial Least Square) Untuk Penelitian Empiris. Yogyakarta: BPFE.
Henson, R. K., & Chambers, S. M. (2002). Personality Type as a Predictor of Teaching Efficacy and Classroom Control Beliefs in Emergency Certification Teachers. Education 3-13, 124, 261. https://doi.org/10.3860/taper.v16i1.93
Henson, R.K., & Chambers, S.M. (2002). Personality Type as a Predictor of Teaching Efficacy and Classroom Control Beliefs in Emergency Certification Teachers. Education 3-13, 124, 261. https://doi.org/10.3860/taper.v16i1.93.
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Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692–724. https://doi.org/10.5465/256287
Kelloway, K. E. (2014). Using LISREL for Structural Equation Modeling: A Researcher’s Guide. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Langelaan, S., Bakker, A. B., Van Doornen, L. J. P., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and Work Engagement: Do Individual Differences Make a Difference? Personality and Individual Differences, 40(3), 521-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.07.009
Lucy, M. S., A. Emily, H., Bryan, H., & Elizabeth, V. (2008). School Turnaround Teachers: Competencies for Succes (1 No. 12). Chicago. Retrieved from www.publicimpact.com
Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2003). Personality Traits. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Niu, H.-J. (2010). Investigating the Effects of Self-efficacy on Foodservice Industry Employees’ Career Commitment. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(4), 743–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.03.006
Othman, N., & Nasurdin, M. N. (2011). Work Engagement of Malaysian Nurse: Exploring the Impact of Hope and Resilience. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 60(23), 1702–1706. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2012.01448.x
Pervin, L. A., Cervone, D., & John, O. P. (2005). Personality: Theory and Research (9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons
Reivich, K., & Shatte, A. (2002). The Resilince Factor. 7 Essential Skill for Overcoming Life’s Inevitable Obstacle. (1st ed.). New York: Random House, Inc.
Roberts, B. W., Kuncel, N. R., Shiner, R., Caspi, A., & Goldberg, L. R. (2007). The Power of Personality: The Comparative Validity of Personality Traits, Socioeconomic Status, and Cognitive Ability for Predicting Important Life Outcomes. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2(4), 313–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00047.x
Roberts, D. R., & Davenport, T. O. (2002). Job engagement: Why it’s important and how to improve it. Employment Relations Today, 29(3), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/ert.10048
Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940610690169
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). UWES Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: Preliminary manual. Occupational Health Psychology Unit Utrecht University.
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Van Rhenen, W. (2009). How Changes in Job Demands and Resources Predict Burnout, Work Engagement, and Sickness Absenteeism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(7), 893–917. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.595
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A Two Sample Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326
Scholz, U., Doña, B. G., Sud, S., & Schwarzer, R. (2002). Is General Self-Efficacy a Universal Construct? Psychometric Findings from 25 Countries. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 18(3), 242–251. https://doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.18.3.242
Singleton, E., Roberts, T., & Bradford, K. (2020). Using Emotional Intelligence Practices to Mitigate Teacher Stress and Burnout. Psychology, 15(3), 285–292. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2024.153016
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2019). Teacher Self-Efficacy and Collective Teacher Efficacy: Relations with Perceived Job Resources and Job Demands, Feeling of Belonging, and Teacher Engagement. Creative Education, 10(7), 1400–1424. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2019.107104
Trilolita, V., Ardi, P., & Sulistyo, M. C. W. (2017). Pengaruh Self Efficacy terhadap Work Engagement dan Kinerja Guru (Studi pada guru SMP/MTs dan/sederajat Kota Surabaya). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 52(1), 163–172.
Walpole, R. E., Myers, R. H., Myers, S. L., & Ye, K. (2012). Probability & Statistics for Engineers & Scientists (9th ed.). Pearson Education.
Warner, R., & April, K. (2012). Building Personal Resilience at work. Effective Executive, 15(4), 54–68.
Weasmer, J., & Woods, A. M. (1998). Facilitating Success for New Teachers. Principal, 78(2), 40–42.
Wellins, R. S., Bernthal, P., & Phelps, M. (2008). Employee Engagement: The Key to Realizing Competitive Advantage. Development Dimensions International (DDI) Inc.
Wheatley, K. F. (2005). The Case for Reconceptualizing Teacher Efficacy Research. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21(7), 747–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2005.05.009
Yuniar, N., & Rusmawati. (2011). Hubungan antara Kepuasan Kerja dan Resiliensi dengan Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) pada Pekerja Kantor Pusat BPD Bali. Jurnal Psikologi Undip, 9(1), 1–11.
Allport, G.W. (2005) Personality A Psychological Interpretation. Henry Holt and Company, New York.
Ashton, P. T., & Webb, R. B. (1986). Making a Difference: Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy and Student Achievement. New York: Longman.
Azwar, S. (2017). Penyusunan Skala Psikologi Edisi 2 Cet. XI. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar.
Bakker, A. B., Hakanen, J. J., Demerouti, E., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2007). Job Resources Boost Work Engagement, Particularly When Job Demands Are High. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(2), 274–284. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.99.2.274
Bandura, A. (1997) Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.
Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The Big Five Personality Dimensions and Job Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1–25. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1991.tb00688.x
Bitmiş, M. G., & Ergeneli, A. (2013). The Role of Psychological Capital and Trust in Individual Performance and Job Satisfaction Relationship: A Test of Multiple Mediation Model. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 173–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.483
Chin, W. (2003). The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research (pp. 295–336). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Claessens, S., Djankov, S., Fan, J. P. H., & Lang, L. H. P. (2002). Disentangling the Incentive and Entrenchment Effects of Large Shareholders. The Journal of Finance, 57(6), 2741–2771. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-6261.00511
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a New Resilience Scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
Creswell, J. W., & Guetterman, T. C. (2020). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (6th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Deary, I. J. (2009). The Trait Approach to Personality. In P. J. Corr & G. Matthews (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of Personality Psychology (pp. 89–109). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511596544.009
Department for Education UK. (2010). The importance of teaching (1st ed.). The Stationery Office Limited. https://doi.org/10.1106/70V2-62VX-7LCK-YDPN
Dharma, B. W., Amudha, M. M., & Asaph, A. (2013). Personal and Institutional Impact on Life Skills among Teacher Educators. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 4(7), 2013–2015. https://doi.org/10.2250/1991
Doig, C., Brandenberg, T., & Marquardt, N. (2003). A Mediation Model Among Individual Mindfulness, Work Engagement and Collective Mindfulness of Employees in Lima-Peru. Psychology, 14, 607–634. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2023.144032
Fornell, C., & Bookstein, F. L. (1982). A comparative analysis of two structural equation models: LISREL and PLS applied to market data. In C. Fornell (Ed.), A second generation of multivariate analysis (Vol. 1, pp. 289–324). Praeger Publishers.
Gall, M., Gall, J., & Borg, R. (2007). Educational Research: An Introduction (8th ed.). Pearson Education.
Ghozali, I. (2014). Model Persamaan Struktural Konsep dan Aplikasi dengan Program AMOS 22.0 update Bayesian SEM (Cet. VI). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Gibson, S., & Dembo, M. H. (1984). Teacher Efficacy: A Construct Validation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(4), 569–582. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.76.4.569
Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann Jr, W. B. (2003). A Very Brief Measure of the Big-Five Personality Domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(7), 504–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1
Hair Jr., J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis (5th ed.). Prentice Hall.
Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and Work Engagement among Teachers. Journal of School Psychology, 43(6), 495–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2005.11.001
Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and Work Engagement Among Teachers. Journal of School Psychology, 43 (6), 495–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jsp.2005.11.001
Hartono, J., & Abdillah, W. (2009). Konsep dan Aplikasi PLS (Partial Least Square) Untuk Penelitian Empiris. Yogyakarta: BPFE.
Henson, R. K., & Chambers, S. M. (2002). Personality Type as a Predictor of Teaching Efficacy and Classroom Control Beliefs in Emergency Certification Teachers. Education 3-13, 124, 261. https://doi.org/10.3860/taper.v16i1.93
Henson, R.K., & Chambers, S.M. (2002). Personality Type as a Predictor of Teaching Efficacy and Classroom Control Beliefs in Emergency Certification Teachers. Education 3-13, 124, 261. https://doi.org/10.3860/taper.v16i1.93.
Istiqomah Yungsiana, Widyarini, I., & Silviandari, I. A. (2014). Pengaruh Psychological Capital dan Organizational-Based Self Esteem Terhadap Work Engagement. Jurnal Psikologi Industri Dan Organisasi, 1 (2), 3226–3230.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692–724. https://doi.org/10.5465/256287
Kelloway, K. E. (2014). Using LISREL for Structural Equation Modeling: A Researcher’s Guide. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Langelaan, S., Bakker, A. B., Van Doornen, L. J. P., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and Work Engagement: Do Individual Differences Make a Difference? Personality and Individual Differences, 40(3), 521-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.07.009
Lucy, M. S., A. Emily, H., Bryan, H., & Elizabeth, V. (2008). School Turnaround Teachers: Competencies for Succes (1 No. 12). Chicago. Retrieved from www.publicimpact.com
Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2003). Personality Traits. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Niu, H.-J. (2010). Investigating the Effects of Self-efficacy on Foodservice Industry Employees’ Career Commitment. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(4), 743–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.03.006
Othman, N., & Nasurdin, M. N. (2011). Work Engagement of Malaysian Nurse: Exploring the Impact of Hope and Resilience. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 60(23), 1702–1706. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2012.01448.x
Pervin, L. A., Cervone, D., & John, O. P. (2005). Personality: Theory and Research (9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons
Reivich, K., & Shatte, A. (2002). The Resilince Factor. 7 Essential Skill for Overcoming Life’s Inevitable Obstacle. (1st ed.). New York: Random House, Inc.
Roberts, B. W., Kuncel, N. R., Shiner, R., Caspi, A., & Goldberg, L. R. (2007). The Power of Personality: The Comparative Validity of Personality Traits, Socioeconomic Status, and Cognitive Ability for Predicting Important Life Outcomes. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2(4), 313–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00047.x
Roberts, D. R., & Davenport, T. O. (2002). Job engagement: Why it’s important and how to improve it. Employment Relations Today, 29(3), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/ert.10048
Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940610690169
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). UWES Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: Preliminary manual. Occupational Health Psychology Unit Utrecht University.
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Van Rhenen, W. (2009). How Changes in Job Demands and Resources Predict Burnout, Work Engagement, and Sickness Absenteeism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(7), 893–917. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.595
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A Two Sample Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326
Scholz, U., Doña, B. G., Sud, S., & Schwarzer, R. (2002). Is General Self-Efficacy a Universal Construct? Psychometric Findings from 25 Countries. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 18(3), 242–251. https://doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.18.3.242
Singleton, E., Roberts, T., & Bradford, K. (2020). Using Emotional Intelligence Practices to Mitigate Teacher Stress and Burnout. Psychology, 15(3), 285–292. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2024.153016
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2019). Teacher Self-Efficacy and Collective Teacher Efficacy: Relations with Perceived Job Resources and Job Demands, Feeling of Belonging, and Teacher Engagement. Creative Education, 10(7), 1400–1424. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2019.107104
Trilolita, V., Ardi, P., & Sulistyo, M. C. W. (2017). Pengaruh Self Efficacy terhadap Work Engagement dan Kinerja Guru (Studi pada guru SMP/MTs dan/sederajat Kota Surabaya). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 52(1), 163–172.
Walpole, R. E., Myers, R. H., Myers, S. L., & Ye, K. (2012). Probability & Statistics for Engineers & Scientists (9th ed.). Pearson Education.
Warner, R., & April, K. (2012). Building Personal Resilience at work. Effective Executive, 15(4), 54–68.
Weasmer, J., & Woods, A. M. (1998). Facilitating Success for New Teachers. Principal, 78(2), 40–42.
Wellins, R. S., Bernthal, P., & Phelps, M. (2008). Employee Engagement: The Key to Realizing Competitive Advantage. Development Dimensions International (DDI) Inc.
Wheatley, K. F. (2005). The Case for Reconceptualizing Teacher Efficacy Research. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21(7), 747–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2005.05.009
Yuniar, N., & Rusmawati. (2011). Hubungan antara Kepuasan Kerja dan Resiliensi dengan Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) pada Pekerja Kantor Pusat BPD Bali. Jurnal Psikologi Undip, 9(1), 1–11.
Authors
Dirgantoro, A., Eva, N., Hanurrawan, F., & Hitipeuw, I. (2024). Boosting Teacher Work Engagement: The Role of Self-Efficacy, Resilience, and Personality Traits. Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 9(2), 100–114. https://doi.org/10.17977/um001v9i22024p100-114
Copyright (c) 2024 Ajar Dirgantoro , Nur Eva, Fattah Hanurrawan, Imanuel Hitipeuw
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.