Author Guidelines

• Article manuscript must be original works of authors and free from plagiarism (0%).
• Developed from results of field research or literature reviews (i.e. meta-analysis).
  • Written in American English using Microsoft Word with APA style of 12-point size font Times New Roman, 2.0 space, on A4 paper, and maximum 6000 words (does not include appendix and references).
  • The manuscript must be prepared using journal template included in IRBEJ open journal system homepage (http://journal2.um.ac.id/index.php/irbej)
  • Similarity tolerance is 20% detected by internet-based plagiarism detection (Turnitin).
  • Citations are derived only from primary resources or references of reputable publishers.

• Manuscript is written following the format of article components that include: title, author names/correspondence address, abstract, keywords, introduction, literature review, methods, results, discussion, conclusion, suggestions, acknowledgment (if applicable), and references.

Title must be typed in title case characters of 16-point size font, center alignment, and maximum 20 words.

Author’s name must be typed in 12-point size font, centered alignment, and without any academic degree or title.

Correspondence’s address includes an email address, name, and affiliation. Typed in 11- point size font and center alignment.

Abstract is written on a single paragraph consisting of maximum 150 words. This should state briefly primary objective or purpose, research approach/design, method and procedures employed, main results, conclusion, and implications for further research.

Keywords are any terms related to specific issue(s) of the proposed topic, written in five words/expressions.

Introduction is a part of manuscript structure that has to explain the general topic, what the author knows about the topic, establish a gap in the field, identify research questions and show how it helps to fill the gap in related knowledge, and how it is interesting and important to be written and discussed.

Literature review involves reporting on what researchers and scholars have written about the proposed topic.

Method is a section to explain how the study or research carried out by the author in developing the proposed topic. This may include the description of sample or participants and how they are selected; techniques of data collection and analysis; and explain briefly the research procedure and its steps.

Results presents only the most significant findings or results of the study/research and expressed in words. Tables, graphs, and other figures may be used to present research findings and related explanations in detail.

Discussion presents discussions of findings’ implications, comparing author’s findings with others, discussing significance of the findings, identifying weaknesses or limitations in the research paper, and may identify future research topics for further studies.

Conclusion is the part where author may restate research purposes or hypotheses (if applicable), summarize the discussions very concisely addressing research paper focuses, and make concluding statements.

Acknowledgment (if applicable). In this section the author recognizes those who probably assisted the study or involved in the research or provided financial supports.

References. This section lists references or sources used in writing the manuscript. All the references must be taken from primary sources (i.e. indexed journal articles, textbooks, other related publications) that are published by reputable publishers in the last ten years. Each article should have at least 40 references.

• Each component developed in the body of article must be written in different styles (regular, bold, italic) and not in numbering format. Employ the selection of appropriate styles:

HEADING 1 (CAPITALIZED ALL FONT, BOLD, LEFT-ALIGNMENT, 12 pts)

Heading 2 (Title case, bold, left alignment, 12 pts)

Heading 3 (Title case, italic bold, left alignment, 12 pts)

Notes on figures and tables

• Figures and table should be prepared with care and attention referring to the IRBEJ guidelines.
• Both figures and tables should be saved separate to main text and referred correctly in the paragraphs of the main text.
• The place at which a figure or table inserted in the main text should be indicated clearly.
• Captions of figure and table must be saved separately as part of the file containing complete text of the manuscript and numbered correspondingly.
• Files must be saved in TIFF (tagged image file format) to produce optimal images of the tables and figures.
• Each figure and table should have complete titles and referred to in text (e.g. Figure 1, Table 1).
• Data included in table must be written in single space with 11 font size and presented only in a horizontal line.
• Table title is provided rightly on top of table and identified by number before the title in 12 font size with left alignment.
  • Figure is made using high resolution image and identified by number and title below the figure in 12 font size with left alignment.

• Citations and references are written on a single space according to APA (American Psychological Association) style and placed alphabetically in order. We recommend to use a reference manager applications (i.e. Mendeley, End Note, or Zotero). Below are sample references written according to the APA style.

Journal article:

Muilenburg, L. Y., & Berge, Z. L. (2005). Student barriers to online learning: A factor analytic study. Distance Education, 26(1), 29-48. doi: 10.1080/01587910500081269

Rasmitadila, R., Aliyyah, R. R., Rachmadtullah, R., Samsudin, A., Syaodih, E., Nurtanto, M., & Tambunan, A. R. S. (2020). The perceptions of primary school teachers of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic period: A case study in Indonesia. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 7(2), 90-109.

Roth, P. L., Purvis, K. L., & Bobko, P. (2012). A Meta-Analysis of Gender Group Differences for Measures of Job Performance in Field Studies. 38(2). doi: DOI: 10.1177/0149206310374774

Electronic article:

Code, J., Ralph, R., & Forde, K. (2020). Pandemic designs for the future: perspectives of technology education teachers during COVID-19. Information and Learning Sciences. https://www.emerald.com/insight/2398-5348.htm doi:10.1108/ils-04-2020-0112

Hollweck, T., & Doucet, A. (2020). Pracademics in the pandemic: pedagogies and professionalism. Journal of Professional Capital and Community. https://www.emerald.com/insight/2056-9548.htm doi:DOI 10.1108/JPCC-06-2020-0038

Young, S. (2010). Student views of effective online teaching in higher education. American Journal of Distance Education, 20(2), 65-77. https://doi.org/10.1207/ s15389286ajde 2002_2 doi:10.1207/s15389286ajde2002_2.

Textbook:

Alvesson, M. (2002). Understanding organizational culture. London: SAGE Publications.

Hair, J.F.J., et al., (2010). Multivariate data analysis. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Kline, R.B. (2005). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. 2 ed. New York: The Guilford Press.

Yukl, G.A. (2010) Leadership in organizations. 7 ed. 2010, Upper Saddle River, N.J Prentice-Hall International Inc.

Thesis/Dissertation:

Burhanuddin, B. (2013). Participative management and its relationships with employee performance behaviour: a study in the university sector in Malang Indonesia (PhD Dissertation). The University of Adelaide, Australia.

Chapter in an edited book:
Mettam, G. R., & Adams, L. B. (2009). How to prepare an electronic version of your article. In B. S. Jones, & R. Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the electronic age (pp. 281–304). New York: E-Publishing Inc.

Website:
Cancer Research UK. Cancer statistics reports for the UK. (2003). http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/

       aboutcancer/statistics/cancerstatsreport/accessed 13.03.03.

Dataset:
[dataset] Oguro, M., Imahiro, S., Saito, S., Nakashizuka, T. (2015). Mortality data for Japanese oak wilt disease and surrounding forest compositions. Mendeley Data, v1. https://doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1.

Conference proceeding paper:

Burhanuddin, B. (2017). Behaviours of the effective leadership in universities: Findings of a meta-analysis study. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 128(3rd International Conference on Education and Training (ICET 2017)), 271-277.

Author must check specified styles suggested in APA if needs more different referencing styles.

All issues regarding Intellectual Property Rights and permissions of citations or software utilization during the process of paper preparation including its legal consequences become the responsibility of the author.

IRBEJ editorial board is authorized to reject a manuscript based on peer reviewer advice or decisions, and make a necessary change or adjustment related to language properties without altering substantial elements.

All submitted manuscripts are free of charge and the publication process will be supported financially by IRBEJ.

Generative AI policies

These policies have been triggered by the rise of generative AI* and AI-assisted technologies, which are expected to increasingly be used by content creators. These policies aim to provide greater transparency and guidance to authors, reviewers, editors, readers, and contributors. Elsevier will monitor this development and will adjust or refine policies when appropriate.

The use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in scientific writing

Please note this policy only refers to the writing process and not to the use of AI tools to analyze and draw insights from data as part of the research process.

Where authors use generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process, these technologies should only be used to improve the readability and language of the work. Applying the technology should be done with human oversight and control, and authors should carefully review and edit the result because AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete, or biased. The authors are ultimately responsible and accountable for the contents of the work.

Authors should disclose in their manuscript the use of AI and AI-assisted technologies, and a statement will appear in the published work. Declaring the use of these technologies supports transparency and trust between authors, readers, reviewers, editors, and contributors and facilitates compliance with the terms of use of the relevant tool or technology.

Authors should not list AI and AI-assisted technologies as an author or co-author, nor cite AI as an author. Authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans. Each (co-)author is accountable for ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved,, and authorship requires the ability to approve the final version of the work and agree to its submission. Authors are also responsible for ensuring that the work is original, that the stated authors qualify for authorship, and that the work does not infringe third-party rights.

The use of generative AI and AI-assisted tools in figures, images and artwork

We do not permit the use of generative AI or AI-assisted tools to create or alter images in submitted manuscripts. This may include enhancing, obscuring, moving, removing, or introducing a specific feature within an image or figure. Adjustments of brightness, contrast, or color balance are acceptable if and as long as they do not obscure or eliminate any information present in the original. Image forensics tools or specialized software might be applied to submitted manuscripts to identify suspected image irregularities.

The only exception is if the use of AI or AI-assisted tools is part of the research design or research methods (such as in AI-assisted imaging approaches to generate or interpret the underlying research data, for example in the field of biomedical imaging). If this is done, such use must be described in a reproducible manner in the methods section. This should include an explanation of how the AI or AI-assisted tools were used in the image creation or alteration process and the name of the model or tool, version and extension numbers, and manufacturer. Authors should adhere to the AI software’s specific usage policies and ensure correct content attribution. Where applicable, authors could be asked to provide pre-AI-adjusted versions of images and/or the composite raw images used to create the final submitted versions for editorial assessment.

The use of generative AI or AI-assisted tools in the production of artwork, such as graphical abstracts, is not permitted. The use of generative AI in the production of cover art may in some cases be allowed if the author obtains prior permission from the journal editor and publisher, can demonstrate that all necessary rights have been cleared for the use of the relevant material, and ensures that there is correct content attribution.

The use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the journal peer review process

When a researcher is invited to review another researcher’s paper, the manuscript must be treated as a confidential document. Reviewers should not upload a submitted manuscript or any part of it into a generative AI tool, as this may violate the authors’ confidentiality and proprietary rights and, where the paper contains personally identifiable information, may breach data privacy rights.

This confidentiality requirement extends to the peer review report, as it may contain confidential information about the manuscript and/or the authors. For this reason, reviewers should not upload their peer review report into an AI tool, even if it is just for the purpose of improving language and readability.

Peer review is at the heart of the scientific ecosystem, and Elsevier abides by the highest standards of integrity in this process. Reviewing a scientific manuscript implies responsibilities that can only be attributed to humans. Generative AI or AI-assisted technologies should not be used by reviewers to assist in the scientific review of a paper, as the critical thinking and original assessment needed for peer review is outside of the scope of this technology, and there is a risk that the technology will generate incorrect, incomplete, or biased conclusions about the manuscript. The reviewer is responsible and accountable for the content of the review report.

For editors

The use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the journal editorial process

A submitted manuscript must be treated as a confidential document. Editors should not upload a submitted manuscript or any part of it into a generative AI tool, as this may violate the authors’ confidentiality and proprietary rights and, where the paper contains personally identifiable information, may breach data privacy rights.

This confidentiality requirement extends to all communication about the manuscript, including any notification or decision letters, as they may contain confidential information about the manuscript and/or the authors. For this reason, editors should not upload their letters into an AI tool, even if it is just for the purpose of improving language and readability.

Peer review is at the heart of the scientific ecosystem, and Elsevier abides by the highest standards of integrity in this process. Managing the editorial evaluation of a scientific manuscript implies responsibilities that can only be attributed to humans. Generative AI or AI-assisted technologies should not be used by editors to assist in the evaluation or decision-making process of a manuscript, as the critical thinking and original assessment needed for this work are outside of the scope of this technology, and there is a risk that the technology will generate incorrect, incomplete, or biased conclusions about the manuscript. The editor is responsible and accountable for the editorial process, the final decision, and the communication thereof to the authors.

Anti-plagiarism policy

Anti-plagiarism policy

Authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others this must be appropriately cited or quoted. Plagiarism, data fabrication and image manipulation are not tolerated. Plagiarism is not acceptable in HM Publishers submissions.

Plagiarism includes copying text, ideas, images, or data from another source, even from your own publications, without giving any credit to the original source.  Reuse of text that is copied from another source must be between quotes and the original source must be cited. If a study's design or the manuscript's structure or language has been inspired by previous works, these works must be explicitly cited.

If plagiarism is detected during the peer review process, the manuscript may be rejected. If plagiarism is detected after publication, we may publish a correction or retract the paper.

Multiple Publication
An author should not, in general, publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.

Journal checks all manuscripts submitted to the journal for plagiarism by independent experts and special software Turnitin and iThenticate. We protect the rights of the authors/co-authors and investigate claims of plagiarism or misuse of published articles. The authors are responsible for the accuracy of the information presented in the articles, the accuracy of the names, last names, and citations. The authors have responsibility for their presented materials in case of finding out plagiarism in them. Equally, we protect the reputation of the journal against malpractice. Thus, the journal reserves the right to reject the paper for plagiarism without further explanations and take appropriate legal action.