The Influence of the Coding and Artificial Intelligence Program on Fifth Graders’ Computational Thinking Skills
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17977/um009v35i12026p195-212Keywords:
coding, computational thinking, artificial intelligence, kecerdasan buatan, berpikir komputasi, elementary school, sekolah dasarAbstract
Abstract: The massive use of technology, which has become a dominant and transformational force, requires students to develop computational thinking (CT) skills from elementary school. However, observations in class 5C SDN Keboansikep 2 showed that students’ CT skills were low despite students’ familiarity with technology. This study aims to examine the effect of the Coding and Artificial Intelligence (CAI) program on students’ CT skills in class 5C SDN Keboansikep 2. The research used a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected through a 20-item multiple-choice test based on CT indicators. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive results showed an average pretest of 64.26 and posttest of 82.22, with an increase of 17.96 points. The paired sample t-test showed Sig. (2-tailed) < 0.001, showing that the CAI program had a significant influence on CT skills. The N-Gain average of 0.5693, meaning that the CAI program was moderately effective in improving CT skills. The results show that the CAI program has a significant influence and quite an effective impact on improving the CT skills. Theoretically, the CAI program aligns with Vygotsky’s social constructivism theory, and practically encourages schools and policymakers to strengthen the CAI program in preparing a generation capable of creating technology-based solutions through CT.
Abstrak: Penggunaan teknologi yang masif, yang telah menjadi kekuatan dominan dan transformatif, menuntut siswa untuk mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir komputasional (CT) sejak sekolah dasar. Namun, pengamatan di kelas VC Sekolah Dasar Negeri Keboansikep 2 menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan CT siswa masih rendah, meskipun siswa sudah terbiasa dengan teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh program Coding and Artificial Intelligence (CAI) terhadap keterampilan CT 27 siswa di kelas VC Sekolah Dasar Negeri Keboansikep 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain one-group pretest-posttest. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes pilihan ganda yang terdiri dari 20 soal berdasarkan indikator CT. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Hasil deskriptif menunjukkan nilai rata-rata pretest sebesar 64,26 dan posttest sebesar 82,22, dengan peningkatan sebesar 17,96 poin. Uji paired-t menghasilkan nilai Sig. (dua sisi) < 0,001, yang menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan. Rata-rata N-Gain sebesar 0,5693, menunjukkan efektivitas sedang. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa program CAI memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dan dampak yang cukup efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan CT. Secara teoritis, program CAI sejalan dengan teori konstruktivisme sosial Vygotsky, dan secara praktis mendorong sekolah serta pembuat kebijakan untuk memperkuat program CAI dalam mempersiapkan generasi yang mampu menciptakan solusi berbasis teknologi melalui CT.
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